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daguerréotype - translation to french
![The first authenticated image of [[Abraham Lincoln]], a daguerreotype of him as U.S. [[Congressman]]-elect in 1846, attributed to Nicholas H. Shepard](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Abraham Lincoln by Nicholas Shepherd, 1846-crop.jpg?width=200 "The first authenticated image of [[Abraham Lincoln]], a daguerreotype of him as U.S. [[Congressman]]-elect in 1846, attributed to Nicholas H. Shepard")
![camerae obscurae]] and plates for daguerreotype called "Grand Photographe" produced by [[Charles Chevalier]] ([[Musée des Arts et Métiers]])](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Camerae-obscurae.jpg?width=200 "camerae obscurae]] and plates for daguerreotype called \"Grand Photographe\" produced by [[Charles Chevalier]] ([[Musée des Arts et Métiers]])")
![date=2015-04-02 }} (item 1) gives it the title ''Intérieur d'un cabinet de curiosité'' (Interior of a cabinet of curiosities), describes it as a whole-plate daguerreotype in a contemporary frame, states that it was acquired in 1897, came from the collection of de Cailleux (presumably, the late [[Alphonse de Cailleux]], deputy director and then general director of the Louvre from 1836 to 1848), is annotated "Daguerre 1837" below, and on the back, in Daguerre's handwriting, bears the dedication "Epreuve ayant servi à constater la découverte du Daguerréotype, offerte à Monsieur de Cailleux par son [très] dévoué serviteur" [signed "Daguerre"] (Proof having served to verify the discovery of Daguerreotype, offered to Monsieur de Cailleux by his very devoted servant Daguerre). There is apparently no other documentary basis which might support statements found in many sources that it is the "first" or "first successful" or "first completely processed" daguerreotype, or that it was presented to de Cailleux at the Louvre in 1837 rather than at an unknown location and date after the 1839 unveiling of the process. According to the [https://books.google.com/books?id=_iBFAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA173 1884 catalogue of one French museum], a framed set of three plates presented by Daguerre to [[François Arago]] bore an identically worded dedication. They were among the plates put on display to a French government body in July 1839 when it was deciding on the award of a pension to Daguerre in exchange for the still-secret details of his process.}}](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Daguerreotype Daguerre Atelier 1837.jpg?width=200 "date=2015-04-02 }} (item 1) gives it the title ''Intérieur d'un cabinet de curiosité'' (Interior of a cabinet of curiosities), describes it as a whole-plate daguerreotype in a contemporary frame, states that it was acquired in 1897, came from the collection of de Cailleux (presumably, the late [[Alphonse de Cailleux]], deputy director and then general director of the Louvre from 1836 to 1848), is annotated \"Daguerre 1837\" below, and on the back, in Daguerre's handwriting, bears the dedication \"Epreuve ayant servi à constater la découverte du Daguerréotype, offerte à Monsieur de Cailleux par son [très] dévoué serviteur\" [signed \"Daguerre\"] (Proof having served to verify the discovery of Daguerreotype, offered to Monsieur de Cailleux by his very devoted servant Daguerre). There is apparently no other documentary basis which might support statements found in many sources that it is the \"first\" or \"first successful\" or \"first completely processed\" daguerreotype, or that it was presented to de Cailleux at the Louvre in 1837 rather than at an unknown location and date after the 1839 unveiling of the process. According to the [https://books.google.com/books?id=_iBFAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA173 1884 catalogue of one French museum], a framed set of three plates presented by Daguerre to [[François Arago]] bore an identically worded dedication. They were among the plates put on display to a French government body in July 1839 when it was deciding on the award of a pension to Daguerre in exchange for the still-secret details of his process.}}")
![Daguerreotype mounted on a box, in the [[National Archives of Estonia]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Daguerreotype EAA-1862-2-472-3 det02.jpg?width=200 "Daguerreotype mounted on a box, in the [[National Archives of Estonia]]")
![Six daguerreotypes show a panorama of [[San Francisco, California]], in 1853.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/San Francisco-1853.jpg?width=200 "Six daguerreotypes show a panorama of [[San Francisco, California]], in 1853.")
![Daguerreotype camera built by La Maison [[Susse Frères]] in 1839, with a lens by Charles Chevalier](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Susse Frére Daguerreotype camera 1839.jpg?width=200 "Daguerreotype camera built by La Maison [[Susse Frères]] in 1839, with a lens by Charles Chevalier")
![A daguerreotype photograph of the Nobel House in [[Turku]] from 1842](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Turku 1842 - Henrik Cajander.jpg?width=200 "A daguerreotype photograph of the Nobel House in [[Turku]] from 1842")
![[[Theodore Frelinghuysen]], President Of NYU in 1839. Daguerreotype by Dr John William Draper 1839.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Frelinghuyseniun (cropped 1).jpg?width=200 "[[Theodore Frelinghuysen]], President Of NYU in 1839. Daguerreotype by Dr John William Draper 1839.")
![[[Andrew Jackson]] at age 78.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Andrew Jackson Daguerreotype.jpg?width=200 "[[Andrew Jackson]] at age 78.")
![Arthur Wellesley, the Duke of Wellington]], aged 74 or 75, made by [[Antoine Claudet]] in 1844.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portrait of the Duke of Wellington, 1844, by Antoine Claudet.jpg?width=200 "Arthur Wellesley, the Duke of Wellington]], aged 74 or 75, made by [[Antoine Claudet]] in 1844.")
![[[Shimazu Nariakira]], made by [[Ichiki Shirō]] in 1857, the earliest surviving Japanese photograph](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Shiro Ichiki, Portrait of Nariakira Shimazu, 1857.jpg?width=200 "[[Shimazu Nariakira]], made by [[Ichiki Shirō]] in 1857, the earliest surviving Japanese photograph")
![The [[solar eclipse of July 28, 1851]], the first correctly exposed photograph of a solar eclipse using the daguerreotype process](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/1851 07 28 Berkowski.jpg?width=200 "The [[solar eclipse of July 28, 1851]], the first correctly exposed photograph of a solar eclipse using the daguerreotype process")
![Philosopher [[Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling]], made by [[Hermann Biow]] in February 1848.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Schelling 1848.jpg?width=200 "Philosopher [[Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling]], made by [[Hermann Biow]] in February 1848.")
![[[José de San Martín]], made in Paris 1848.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jose de San Martin.jpg?width=200 "[[José de San Martín]], made in Paris 1848.")
![[[Conrad Heyer]] at age 103 in 1852, possibly the earliest-born American ever photographed (born 1749)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Conrad Heyer (1852).jpg?width=200 "[[Conrad Heyer]] at age 103 in 1852, possibly the earliest-born American ever photographed (born 1749)")
![[[Frédéric Chopin]], {{circa}} 1849](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Frederic Chopin photo.jpeg?width=200 "[[Frédéric Chopin]], {{circa}} 1849")
![Blacksmith Forging a Horseshoe, c. 1859–1860 by [[Summer A. Smith]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Blacksmith Forging a Horshoe, c. 1859–1860, Summer A. Smith.webp?width=200 "Blacksmith Forging a Horseshoe, c. 1859–1860 by [[Summer A. Smith]]")
Definition
Wikipedia
Daguerreotype ( (listen); French: daguerréotype) was the first publicly available photographic process; it was widely used during the 1840s and 1850s. "Daguerreotype" also refers to an image created through this process.
Invented by Louis Daguerre and introduced worldwide in 1839, the daguerreotype was almost completely superseded by 1860 with new, less expensive processes, such as ambrotype (collodion process), that yield more readily viewable images. There has been a revival of the daguerreotype since the late 20th century by a small number of photographers interested in making artistic use of early photographic processes.
To make the image, a daguerreotypist polished a sheet of silver-plated copper to a mirror finish; treated it with fumes that made its surface light-sensitive; exposed it in a camera for as long as was judged to be necessary, which could be as little as a few seconds for brightly sunlit subjects or much longer with less intense lighting; made the resulting latent image on it visible by fuming it with mercury vapor; removed its sensitivity to light by liquid chemical treatment; rinsed and dried it; and then sealed the easily marred result behind glass in a protective enclosure.
The image is on a mirror-like silver surface and will appear either positive or negative, depending on the angle at which it is viewed, how it is lit and whether a light or dark background is being reflected in the metal. The darkest areas of the image are simply bare silver; lighter areas have a microscopically fine light-scattering texture. The surface is very delicate, and even the lightest wiping can permanently scuff it. Some tarnish around the edges is normal.
Several types of antique photographs, most often ambrotypes and tintypes, but sometimes even old prints on paper, are commonly misidentified as daguerreotypes, especially if they are in the small, ornamented cases in which daguerreotypes made in the US and the UK were usually housed. The name "daguerreotype" correctly refers only to one very specific image type and medium, the product of a process that was in wide use only from the early 1840s to the late 1850s.
